Taxonomy and Habits of the Charrs, Salvelinus Malma and Salvelinus Alpinus, of the Karluk Drainage System

1943 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan C. DeLacy ◽  
W. Markham Morton
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Charrs Salvelinus

Trophic biology and migratory patterns of sympatric Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Dennert ◽  
S.L. May-McNally ◽  
M.H. Bond ◽  
T.P. Quinn ◽  
E.B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Dolly Varden ◽  
Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Dolly Varden Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Similar Body

The trophic ecology (diet and head morphology) and migration patterns of two closely related salmonid fishes, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)), were examined in tributaries of Lake Aleknagik, southwestern Alaska, to test for differentiation between species. Schoener’s index of proportional overlap and multivariate analyses of diets suggested that these species had significantly different trophic niches. Arctic char and the largest individuals of both species had the most diverse diets, and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)) eggs dominated the diet of both species, especially Arctic char. Arctic char had larger jaws and wider heads than Dolly Varden of similar body length, which may contribute to interspecific diet difference. The species also differed in migration patterns; otolith microchemistry indicated that juvenile Arctic char were produced by nonanadromous mothers, whereas the mothers of the Dolly Varden had been to sea in the season prior to spawning. The species also segregate in spawning habitat (Arctic char in the lakes and Dolly Varden in streams), as well as in juvenile rearing habitat. Our study provides the first evidence of divergent feeding and migratory ecology between sympatric juvenile Arctic char and Dolly Varden, differences that may constrain hybridization and introgression between them.

Combined phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal ITS1 sequences and new chromosome data supports three subgroups of Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma)

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth B Phillips ◽  
Linda I Gudex ◽  
Kathleen M Westrich ◽  
Alfred DeCicco
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Dolly Varden ◽  
Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Dolly Varden Char ◽  
The North ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Kamchatka River

A phylogenetic analysis of the subspecies of Salvelinus malma (Dolly Varden char) was done using DNA sequences from the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Sequences were obtained from the northern S. malma malma from the Noatak River, Alaska, and the Kamchatka River, Russia; from the southern North American form S. malma lordi from the Fox River, Kenai peninsula, and Auke Bay near Juneau, Alaska; and from the southern Asian form S. malma krascheninnikovi from Belaya River in Sakhalin Island, Russia. These sequences were combined with others from Salvelinus alpinus (Arctic char) from several locations in the North Pacific and Europe and analyzed using maximum parsimony and neighbor joining algorithms with Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout) as an outgroup. The resulting trees had two well-supported groups: S. m. malma and S. m. krascheninnikovi in one group and S. m. lordi and various populations of S. alpinus in the other. Salvelinus m. malma and S. m. krascheninnikovi were sister taxa, and S. m. lordi was most closely related to S. alpinus from Northwest Territories (S. a. erythrinus). New chromosome data from S. m. malma from northwestern Alaska supported the three named subspecies because S. m. malma from both Alaska and Russia have 2n = 78 compared with 2n = 82 for the two southern forms and the location of the nuclear organizer regions (NORs) was different in each of the three subspecies.

Diversity of nosed charrs Salvelinus malma (Salmonidae) of Lake Kronotskoe (Kamchatka)

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Markevich ◽  
E. V. Esin ◽  
O. Yu. Busarova ◽  
R. Knudsen ◽  
L. A. Anisimova
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Charrs Salvelinus

Taxonomic Status of the Salvelinus alpinus Complex

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
North American ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Charrs Salvelinus ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus Complex ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

Minor differences in osteology and morphology were observed in the eastern North American species of charrs Salvelinus aureolus (Sunapee), S. marstoni (Quebec red), and S. oquassa (blueback). The coefficient of difference values, which determine the degree of overlap were lower than 1.28 for the total numbers of vertebrae, ribs, epineurals, gill rakers, branchiostegals, pores on the lateral line scales, and also for many morphological characters suggesting that the three chars are conspecific and should by synonymized as S. alpinus oquassa.

Genetic analysis of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) across its North American range: evidence for a contact zone in southcentral Alaska

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1048-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor ◽  
Shannan L. May-McNally
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
North American ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Bull Trout ◽  
Dolly Varden ◽  
Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Dolly Varden Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Northern Dolly Varden

Contact zones between divergent lineages of aquatic taxa have been described from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. We surveyed samples of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) from their North American range for variation at 14 microsatellite DNA loci. After accounting for hybridization between Dolly Varden and co-occurring bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), we found evidence for two genetic lineages of Dolly Varden consistent with the previously recognized subspecies, northern Dolly Varden (S. m. malma) and southern Dolly Varden (S. m. lordii). We documented a contact zone between the two subspecies from the eastern Alaska Peninsula to Cook Inlet, Alaska, where admixture values (i.e., the proportion of the genome estimated to be composed of northern Dolly Varden, QNDV) ranged between QNDV = 0.245 and 0.754 across about 700 ocean kilometres. Populations of Dolly Varden showing low admixture (i.e., less than 5%) were located a minimum of 346 km to the west to 1200 km to the southeast, respectively, from the contact zone. The two lineages of Dolly Varden probably stem from isolation and subsequent divergence in, and dispersal from, distinct northern and southern Pleistocene glacial refugia and substantiate the treatment of S. malma as two subspecies and as at least two designatable units under Canada’s Species at Risk Act.

Stereological Analyses of Hepatocyte Ultrastructure Monitor Arsenic Liver Burdens

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 442-443
Author(s):  
E. M. B. Sorensen ◽  
R. R. Mitchell ◽  
L. L. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hepatocyte Ultrastructure ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Activation Data ◽  
Water Analyses ◽  
Municipal Lake ◽  
Green Sunfish

Endemic freshwater teleosts were collected from a portion of the Navosota River drainage system which had been inadvertently contaminated with arsenic wastes from a firm manufacturing arsenical pesticides and herbicides. At the time of collection these fish were exposed to a concentration of 13.6 ppm arsenic in the water; levels ranged from 1.0 to 20.0 ppm during the four-month period prior. Scale annuli counts and prior water analyses indicated that these fish had been exposed for a lifetime. Neutron activation data showed that Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) had accumulated from 6.1 to 64.2 ppm arsenic in the liver, which is the major detoxification organ in arsenic poisoning. Examination of livers for ultrastructural changes revealed the presence of electron dense bodies and large numbers of autophagic vacuoles (AV) and necrotic bodies (NB) (1), as previously observed in this same species following laboratory exposures to sodium arsenate (2). In addition, abnormal lysosomes (AL), necrotic areas (NA), proliferated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and fibrous bodies (FB) were observed. In order to assess whether the extent of these cellular changes was related to the concentration of arsenic in the liver, stereological measurements of the volume and surface densities of changes were compared with levels of arsenic in the livers of fish from both Municipal Lake and an area known to contain no detectable level of arsenic.

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